Instead, he is doubling down. Not just with fresh soldiers, but more weapons too. Kyivโs defence intelligence chief, Kyrylo Budanov, said last month Pyongyang was supplying half of Russiaโs โfrontline ammunition needsโ, including Koksan 170mm self-propelled guns, multiple rocket launch systems and KN-23 ballistic missiles.
Arms supply makes some sense, given Kim is cash-strapped and Moscow no doubt pays well. Even so, with North Koreaโs munitions factories working at full pelt to support Putin, some in Pyongyang may worry this leaves their front line vulnerable.
Weapons are one thing, men another. Ukraine says one-third of the 12,000 North Korean troops originally deployed to Kursk are hors de combat, or fallen soldiers. Seoulโs NIS has slightly lower figures: it reckons 300 killed and 2,700 wounded. Other estimates run much higher. Whatever the exact number, these are huge losses.
Is the game worth the candle? Itโs hard to see how โ or how long North Korea can go on taking casualties on this scale. Or indeed why.